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Castilleja levisecta
Also called Golden paintbrush
Castilleja levisecta is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common name golden paintbrush, or golden Indian paintbrush, listed under the Endangered Species Act in 1997. It is native to British Columbia and Washington, where it is known from eleven remaining populations. It occurred in Oregon but all natural occurrences there have been extirpated. It has been reintroduced to a few areas in Oregon, but it remains to be seen if the plants will survive. The plant is a federally listed endangered species of Canada and was listed as threatened in the United States in 1997. On June 30, 2021, the plant was proposed for delisting due to recovery. Effective August 18, 2023, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued a rule removing golden paintbrush from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Plants.
Golden paintbrush plays an important role in grassland community dynamics and multitrophic interactions. For example, its hemiparasitic reliance on other plant species in its habitat is thought to affect competition and dominance among other plant species in its community. Additionally, its foliage naturally contains defensive compounds called iridoid glycosides that are sequestered in the tissues of the endangered Taylor's checkerspot butterfly larvae, which have developed a tolerance for these compounds and are able to consume golden paintbrush foliage. These sequestered iridoid glycosides then confer chemical protection against bird predators to the butterfly larvae.
Coast Indian paintbrush · Johnny-nip · Northwestern Indian paintbrush · Wavyleaf Indian paintbrush · Aquarius Plateau Indian paintbrush · Cobwebby Indian paintbrush · Attenuate Indian paintbrush · Castilleja beldingii · Castilleja bella · Shortstyle Indian paintbrush · Vernal pool Indian paintbrush · Port Clarence Indian paintbrush
Text excerpted from the Wikipedia article Castilleja levisecta by its contributors, under CC BY-SA 4.0; the excerpts are shared under the same licence.
Life form, climate and native range: World Checklist of Vascular Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (CC BY 3.0), reformatted; see Plants of the World Online.
