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Corylus jacquemontii
Also called Jacquemont's Hazel, Turkish Hazelnut
Corylus jacquemontii (Jacquemont's hazelnut or Indian tree hazel) is a species of hazel, found in Asia, within the Himalayas and from Afghanistan through to W. Nepal. It is a small tree or shrub, with grey bark, ovate or obovate (teardrop-shaped) leaves, small flowers and small edible nuts, grouped in small clusters.
It has been used in many ways, not only as fuel source, fodder (for livestock) and timber but the trees also yield edible nuts for human consumption or for folk medicine uses.
This species is cultivated for its edible seed in Asia, and then nuts are distributed worldwide, but mainly to countries such as Turkey, Italy, Spain, France, Greece, India, Iran, Azerbaijan and China.
It is generally an easily grown plant, as it succeeds in most soils, but is in general more productive of seeds/nuts when grown on soils of moderate fertility. As it does less well, in rich heavy soils or poor ones, It will grow well in a loamy soil. and is very suitable for alkaline soils, but it will not tolerate very acidic soils (a pH of below 7).
In 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognized edible nuts as “heart healthy” foods. Frequent nut intake is associated with low risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer (Surh 2003; Hertog et al. 1993; Ness and Powles 1997). The prevalent phenolics accumulates in Corylus avellana kernels and its by-products are catechin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, their esters and flavonoids.(Shahidi et al. 2007; Del Rio et al. 2011) Various other bioactive phenols have also been characterized in hazelnut leaves and foliar buds (Oliveira et al. 2007).
Seven polyphenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, syringic acid and p-coumaric acid) have all been found in the nuts of Corylus jacquemontii.
Corylus jacquemontii is native to temperate and tropical areas between Europe and Central Asia.
Corylus jacquemontii is used in many ways, not only as fuel (for house fires), fodder (for livestock) and timber (including logging,) but the trees also yield edible nuts for human as well as wildlife consumption.
American hazelnut · Hazel · Chinese Hazel · Colchian Hazel · Turkish Hazel · Beaked hazelnut · Corylus fargesii · Himalayan hazelnut · Siberian hazelnut · Filbert · Japanese Hazel · Corylus wangii
Text excerpted from the Wikipedia article Corylus jacquemontii by its contributors, under CC BY-SA 4.0; the excerpts are shared under the same licence.
Life form, climate and native range: World Checklist of Vascular Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (CC BY 3.0), reformatted; see Plants of the World Online.
