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Pinus brutia
Also called Brutia Pine, Calabrian Pine, East Mediterranean Pine
Turkish pine is a medium-sized conifer tree from the eastern Mediterranean, typically 20 to 35 metres tall in the wild. It is a hardy, drought-tolerant pine grown mainly as a landscape or forestry tree in warm, dry climates rather than as a houseplant.
Pinus brutia, the Turkish pine or Calabrian pine, is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae, a pine native to the eastern Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey, with smaller populations occurring in Bulgaria, Crete, Cyprus, Iraq, western Syria, Northern Iran, Crimea, the western Caucasus, and Azerbaijan; it is also naturalised as far east as Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is also known as East Mediterranean pine, Afghan pine, and Brutia pine. The name "Calabrian pine" comes from an introduced grove in the region of Calabria in southern Italy; historically this region was called Bruttium, which is likely where the specific epithet "brutia" comes from. Pinus brutia bears many similarities with other, closely related species such as Pinus halepensis and Pinus canariensis. Turkish pine forms a species complex with the former.
The bulk of its range is in Turkey, but it also extends to southeasternmost Bulgaria, the East Aegean Islands of Aegean Sea, Crete, Crimea, Iran, Georgia, Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, western Syria, Lebanon and Cyprus. Its presence in the eastern Mediterranean is hypothesised to date only from the nineteenth century, and is predominantly due to human activity. It is not native to Israel, but was introduced there in the 1930s. It generally occurs at low altitudes, mostly from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft) in northern Turkey, up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the south of its range.
Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine · Arizona Pine · Chinese White Pine · Mexican White Pine · Jack pine · Lacebark Pine · Canary Islands Pine · Caribbean pine · Swiss Pine · Mexican Pinyon · Sand Pine · Lodgepole Pine
Text excerpted from the Wikipedia article Pinus brutia by its contributors, under CC BY-SA 4.0; the excerpts and the care summary drawn from them are shared under the same licence.
The care summary was written by AI (Claude, Anthropic) from the sources on this page, with general growing knowledge where they are silent. Check before relying on it.
Life form, climate and native range: World Checklist of Vascular Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (CC BY 3.0), reformatted; see Plants of the World Online.
